Level of evidence abd grading recomendation Research Paper

Level of evidence abd grading recomendation - Research Paper Example The author utilizes multidisciplinary theoretical pieces of literature and research and conceptual pieces from literature on social work to support the development of this kind of model. The author first notes the relevant current trends to the interdisciplinary practice for the purposes of pointing out its essentiality. The article describes a model that is made up of two parts. The first part of the model has five categories that form interdisciplinary collaborative relations between social workers and other professionals. These include flexibility, professional activities that have been newly created, ownership of goals that is collective, interdependence and process reflection. The second part recommends the use of such influences on collaboration as structural characteristics, professional role, history of collaboration, and personal characteristics. The book provides the readers with a critical and a comprehensive review of the health communication field and the different types of evidence that have been collected concerning communication that is effective. In addition to this, the book sets out what has been researched about the micro- structure of encounters in health care and interactions. The book offers the concerned professionals essential new agendas for research practice and training in health care, based on lessons acquired from linguistics, using a broad range of evidence to identify patterns that can lead to improved practices in healthcare. The book recommends brief, effective and ordinary activity in communication in addition to consultations that are formal. The effects of errors in health care have essential implications. The article utilizes peer- reviewed reviews and discussions of a broad range of literature and issues regarding quality of health care and safety of patients. The article provides some insight in to the many aspects that determine the

Teleconnection patterns Essay Example for Free

Teleconnection patterns Essay 1. Explain how observed teleconnection patterns can help in the preparation of a seasonal weather forecast. So the simple way of explaining a teleconnection is a warmer and cooler pacific can influence rainfall. â€Å"we saw how a vast warming (El Nià ±o) or cooling (La Nià ±a) of the equatorial tropical Pacific can affect the weather in different regions of the world† (Ahrens, 2015, p.271). These major storms as we learned in earlier chapters affect people in many regions of the world. A seasonal forecast is very important because it gives people a chance to prepare for what could possibly be. Forecasters can give a prediction of a wetter or drier season. They have said that this type of forecasting has been seen to be very keen in this field of work. If we can predict weather patterns for the upcoming months will only prevail for regions abroad. This will only prepare us for the worst and hope for the best. 2. If the temperature is dropping and the dew point is holding steady, what is your forecast for the relative humidity? Explain your answer. Let’s first understand what a dew point is. The dew point is basically the temperature at which the if it cool’s to a certain temp you will get hundred percent relative humidity. If the dew point drops low enough the cold air won’t be capable of holding the moisture. If the temperature is dropping and you have a stable dew point I would predict a higher amount of relative humidity. The lower the dew point dropped is when you decrease in relative humidity. If you had a hot summer day and a steady dew point; you would actually had a lower relative humidity. 3. In what ways are severe thunderstorms different from ordinary cell thunderstorms? What are some of the meteorological or atmospheric conditions that favor the development of severe thunderstorms? The basics of a thunder storm are fairly easy, because they consist of thunder, lightning, winds, rain and heavy hail at times. â€Å"The storm itself may be a single cumulonimbus cloud, or several thunderstorms may form into a cluster† (Ahrens, 2015, p.288). Thunderstorms form in unstable environments with warm air. They are known as convective storms. Cell thunderstorms form in regions where limited vertical wind shear is present. The winds direction  or speeds do not abruptly change rapidly. Ordinary storms develop and mature through a cycle, as cell thunderstorms don’t have this development. Different conditions vary from warm air rising, random turbulent eddies and terrain. These are a few that can be a trigger to these more impactful storms. 4. Where do thunderstorms form most frequently in the US? Why is this the case? Is this also where most tornadoes occur? Explain. The most area that gets thunderstorms more frequently is the Gulf Coast. This area includes all of Florida, to include parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. â€Å"We also find that, in summer along the Gulf Coast, a thick layer of warm, moist air extends upward from the surface† (Ahrens, 2015, p.303). This also makes a point that more storms consuming Hail are located in the Great Plains. Thunderstorms typically form more in the tropical latitude, which makes the gulf coast a prime location. The two areas that tornados occur most is the Tornado Alley and the Dixie Alley. Tornado Alley stretches from Central Texas to Nebraska, as Dixie Alley over Mississippi to Alabama. â€Å"The Central Plains region is most susceptible to tornadoes because it often provides the proper atmospheric setting for the development of the severe thunderstorms that spawn tornadoes† (Ahrens, 2015, p.313). This area gets that humid dry air with a cold layer to follow which creates the perfect formula for a unstable environment. This makes Spring a high frequency for tornados and winter the low time for them to occur. 5. The region of greatest tornado activity shifts northward from early spring to summer. Why does this occur? This is really interesting because the peak for tornados is actually around June 12th. This makes early spring a probability between 25-60 percent. When you hit June the probability jumps through the roof to 90 percent. The biggest possibility for the shift is â€Å"El Nino†, but there is not an actual confirmation on why this shift happens. The next possibility is the warming weather moving north is shifting the peak period by 7-10 days. This making Dixie Alley and Tornado Alley more susceptible to tornados during that peak time.

Intimate Partner Violence: Psychoanalytic Theory Application Essay

This paper will discuss a thirty-two year old pregnant woman named Regina, who was brought into the emergency room with many superficial injuries. She is accompanied by her five year-old son. Later in the conversation, Regina discloses that she is a victim in intimate partner violence. Violence is a very common occurrence in partner relationships. According to McHugh and Frieze (2006), it is estimated that more than a quarter of relationships involve at least one violent incident. Partner violence can include anything from a heated argument or yelling, to physical attacks or threats such as hitting, slapping, or pushing (McHugh & Frieze, 2006). Often, the women in relationships are the victims of the abuse, posing the simple question, â€Å"why doesn’t she just leave.† For most women, it is near impossible to remove themselves from the relationship because of psychological factors. She may be worried that her partner will abuse her worse should he ever find her. She may fear the guilt that she could experience for leaving the relationship, or she may be concerned about money situations, had he been the sole provider (McHugh & Frieze, 2006). There are many reasons why a woman may feel ‘stuck’ in an abusive relationship, which is why support groups and therapeutic communication are important. The purpose of this paper is to create a therapeutic conversation with Regina and her son, in order to build an appropriate intervention for intimate partner violence using the psychoanalytical theory. Literature Review Therapeutic communication is an important skill for a nurse to utilize when it comes to relationships between the patient and nurse. In Regina’s case, integration of empathetic and compassionate communication skills in combinat... ... of intimate partner violence: implications for nursing care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 24(1), 27-38. Klostermann, K., & Kelley, M. (2009). Alcoholism and intimate partner violence: effects on children’s psychosocial adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 183(12), 3156-3168. doi: 10.3390/ijerph6123156 Lemmey, D., McFarlane, J., Willson, P., Malecha, A. (2001). Intimate partner violence: mother’s perspectives of effects on their children. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 26(2), 98-103. McHugh, M. C., & Frieze, I. H. (2006). Intimate partner violence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 121–141. doi: 10.1196/annals.1385.011 Psychoanalysis (2013). The psychoanalytic tradition. American Psychoanalytic Association. Retrieved from http://www.apsa.org/About_Psychoanalysis.aspx

Emily Dickinson comparison of Poems Essay

In 1859 Emily Dickinson wrote a poem about death. In 1861 she rewrote that poem with very different imagery making it a lot darker. The poem itself is rather short, only two stanzas. The first stanza is only changed by one word, though its meaning is significant. The second stanza however changes completely, from light and spring like to dark and wintery. There is also significant change in punctuation and additional dashes in the second piece. This is a classic characteristic of Emily Dickinson writing and since she never explained it to anyone before her death we can only take a guess as to what it really means. In the 1859 version she writes, â€Å"Sleep the meek members of the Resurrection†. In the 1861 version it is changed to â€Å"Lie the meek members of the Resurrection-â€Å" . She immediately changes the tone of the poem from being at peace with death and awaiting the resurrection to just being there, not waiting for anything and unaware of what is happening. The w ord â€Å"Lie† completely cancels the notion of Resurrection in the second piece. Further changes in the first stanza are only in use of punctuation and capitalization. Though it is unclear what Dickinson means by it. The ending of the first stanza in the 1859 version says; â€Å"Rafter of satin, And roof of stone.† In the 1861 version she ends with â€Å"Rafter of Satin- and Roof of Stone!† I feel that in the second version she is ending with much more emotion and putting much more emphasis on the location of the deceased. She seems to be much more impatient or irritated. Maybe due to the fact that these â€Å"meek† or humble people are lying in such a nice place that is not only made of white marble, but also covered in satin and stone which in the time of this poem being written would be a symbol of wealth and power. In the 1859 version of the poem, Dickinson personifies death with images from spring. Spring is the time of rebirth and resurrection. It is a part of nature and the natural cycle of things. The person or persons that are dead in the 1859 version were once wise people, â€Å"Ah, what sagacity perished here!† They can no longer hear the babbling of the bees or piping of sweet birds. There is no indication of time or who is dead in this version either. When Dickinson rewrites the poem in 1861, she names the fallen as doges. Doges were chief magistrates in Venice in the very early part of Venetian history. Their Diadems have fallen, meaning their power and dignity, have fallen with death. â€Å"Soundless as dots- on a Disc of Snow-â€Å" Death is personified with images from winter. Winter is the end, dark and cold, with  no sign of rebirth or life. No babbling bees or piping birds in winter, just silence and death. Making the overall tone of the poem a lot darker than the first version. Another major difference you will notice with the two poems is the image of Heaven. In the 1859 version there is no clearly portrayed image of Heaven. â€Å"Light laughs the breeze In her Castle above them-â€Å" The person who has died is â€Å"Safe in their Alabaster Chambers-â€Å" as the world continues on into spring above them. It is again portraying resurrection and rebirth with images from spring time. In the later version however, â€Å"Worlds scoop their Arcs- And Firmaments-row† is clearly describing Heaven in the sky as being where the deceased is, and the world has stopped in winter as if it all ends with death. There is no resurrection, after death you move on and â€Å"Grand go the Years† after you are gone. As you can see these two poems by Emily Dickinson are very much the same yet also very different. Perhaps it is because of personal changes in her life and her beliefs. Maybe it has to do with changing political atmosphere and the start of the civil war. The changes show a difference in belief when it comes to resurrection and rebirth as well as a change in her belief of Heaven. The changes in p unctuation and capitalization show she is more impatient and maybe even more formal in the later version. It seems to me the second writing of the poem is much more emotionally charged than the first.

Illustration of how the Polis was the center of Athenian Life Essay

Introduction The word Polis (poh-lis) referred to the city-state, to the fortress, and to the people as a whole.   Greek city-states often grew up around forts on the hills or mountaintops for their protection. These city-states were independent states (a nation of its own) that controlled a limited amount of farmland surrounding the territory .The Greek city states were small of which the ideal size was a population of about 5,000 male citizens, who were the only people counted in official records. Of all the polis, Athens had the largest population, reaching to about 35,000 male citizens in the middle of the fifth century B.C. Because of its small size, the people (citizens) had the opportunity to interact closely with each other.   When there is no war, Athenian life revolved around the state[1]. This paper will illustrate how the polis was the center of Athenian life. The illustration will be derived from examples of the political and cultural activities of its citizens. Political Life Political Participation Like most Greek city-states, the Athenians developed political units that were centrally based on a single city (Athens). Athenians were the first people in history to lead the establishment of a government in which free citizens ruled themselves. This type of government was called â€Å"democracy† meaning â€Å"rule by the people†.[2] Previously, Athens was ruled by powerful noble officials known as archons who tended to favor the upper class of Athens but because of lower class Athenian protests, the leadership was transferred to Solon in 594 B.C. Solon was a statesman, poet and merchant who was widely regarded as wise and just. Solon made political reforms that decreased the power of the nobles. He divided Athenian citizens into four classes based on wealth, not on noble birth. This gave the merchants a voice in the government, for citizens in the three highest classes could hold public office and later all male citizens were expected to serve in the government.[3] About 510, Athens was ruled by Cleisthenes. After consulting with the Assembly he reformed the political system by dividing Athens into ten areas called demes.[4] To safeguard the new democratic government, Cleisthenes started a new practice. Once a year the Athenians voted out a person who they suspect will become a tyrant leader.   If 6,000 votes were cast against a particular person, he was forced to leave Athens for ten years. Because votes were written on a piece of broken pottery called an ostrakon, this practice became known as ostracism. Few people actually were ostracized but the custom gave citizens more power. Pericles, who ruled Athens in 460 B.C., increased the participation of Athenians in politics. He opened government jobs to all classes and government officials were paid salaries so that even poor citizens could serve as officials.   Citizens were given the freedom to criticize leading generals or statesmen without being punished. The duties of government were performed by ordinary citizens. They took care of the public buildings, kept the waterfront safe for ships, and watched over the city’s food supply. They served in the army and rowed ships in the navy. Rather than being elected, officials were chosen by lot (a process similar to having one’s name picked out of a hat). They held office for one year and could not hold the same position again. This gave every male citizen a chance to serve the community.[5] In fact, the Athenian political system of allotment made it possible for every male citizen to be liable for executive government duties. Participation in the Assembly The number of Athenian citizens was small enough for them to govern themselves in a direct democracy. There was no need to elect representatives as most modern democracies do. About forty times a year all citizens met in the Assembly (supreme-decision making body in Athens) in an open area on a hill called The Pnyx. The Assembly meetings were opened for every male citizen over the age of 18.[6] There they debated, voted all matters of domestic and foreign policy and made the laws. They themselves decided whether to sign a trade treaty, build a navy, or make peace. Although every male Athenian had the right to attend, due to limited space and other practical reasons, not all of them were able to attend every meeting. With a total male population of 30,000, the Phynx can only accommodate 6,000 of them. Nevertheless, Assembly meetings were events that most Athenians look forward to. Usually Assembly meetings were scheduled just after dawn, delayed only when citizens and presiding officials were late. It is significant to note that any citizen, whether he held a public office or nor, had the right to speak or voice his opinions before thousands of his fellow Athenians. Before or after the speech, each citizen was expected to openly show their support or disagreement for it was assumed that each Athenian citizen could think intelligently about community affairs.[7]   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Participation in the Council (Boulà ª) The Athenian Council was composed of 500 members. These members were chosen by lot from 50 citizens of the 10 Athenian tribes.   Any male with an age over 30 had the opportunity to serve in the Council although not all are required to do so. Usually eligible males in each deme (local municipalities) would volunteer themselves and 50 of them were selected by lots to serve in the Council.   Athenian citizens are allowed to serve twice in the Council. Unlike the Assembly, the Council met everyday, except for festival days and certain other forbidden days, in the Agora. If there was an Assembly meeting, the council would meet in the afternoon for normally Assembly meetings end at noon. The Council’s primary responsibilities include the preparation of an agenda for the Assembly, drafting of bills and the supervision of the public officials.[8] The Council would give an account of its actions and activities before the Assembly (meaning before all the Athenian males) at the end of its year of service. What was interesting about the Council was that their activity was supervised daily by each different member of the Athenian tribes. In other words, through the casting of lots a new chairman was elected every day and was entrusted with the keys to the temples that kept the state funds, records and state seal. The daily change of Council leadership  Ã‚   means that the reins of the Athenian government were in the hands of a different Athenian citizen every day of the year.[9] This was a remarkable way of managing political affairs where competency and efficiency does not make one hold on to a government position. Women and slaves in Athens were excluded from government service however. But in spite of that they found other things to do in Athens like raising the family and participating in festivals. [10]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. Participation in the Law Courts Because of their democratic form of government, every accused Athenian were tried in the Athenian courts. Every year 6,000 mostly poor Athenian citizens were chosen by lot to serve in the jury. They were not forced to serve in this function but voluntarily put themselves forward because of the prospect of receiving salary. The Athenians were eager juries who would show up in the courts early in the morning for daily sessions. The numbers of juries needed for that day were selected with the use of a complicated allotment machine. The allotment process takes two steps, first to select the juries and second to select the court rooms where they will be assigned.   Because allotment occurs daily, there was a constant change of juror for all cases. The reason for this complicated behavior was to prevent the occurrence of bribery. There was no way of knowing in advance whether a certain juror will serve that day and if he does what case he will be assigned. As mentioned earlier the court system was run by non-professionals. There were no professionally trained judges and lawyers to rely upon. Unlike today, public prosecutions in ancient Athens were not represented by assigned district attorney to serve as prosecutor and there was no lawyer assigned for the defendant.   In private cases, both the accuse and the plaintiff defended themselves. Final decision for court cases was obtained after the jury (without discussing with each other) voted. Private prosecution only last 9  ½ hours while private ones took about only two hours. Justice was rather quick for the Athenians. [11] Cultural Life Love of Learning The Athenians love to educate themselves. There were so many things that they wanted to know and learn. That is why they produced great philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The Athenians discussed their ideas in the Agora or marketplace daily.[12] There they argue, discuss or scrutinize some new knowledge   The Athenians considered education necessary for good citizenship. Boys were enrolled in private schools or taught at home by tutors, often educated slaves. They learned reading, arithmetic, and the works of Homer and other great poets. Young men studied public speaking, geometry, astronomy and poetry and were encouraged to discuss their ideas about politics and questions of right and wrong. The Athenians were very fond of the athletics. All schools of Athens had physical education as part of their curriculum. An Athenian philosophy was that an ideal citizen is a product of exercise and morality.  Ã‚   There were many athletic events in and around Athens that the Athenians look forward to. The underlying purpose of  Ã‚   all the sacrifices of self-discipline and learning were for each Athenians to be hailed  Ã‚  Ã‚     worthy of Athens and to bring honor to its name especially by winning in the Athletic games against other Greek-states. Pre-occupation with Arts and Literature Athens was the cultural center of Greece. The Athenians believed that a man’s life was empty if he failed to use his mind and develop his talents. Because of that philosophy the Athenians made extraordinary achievements in art, literature, science and philosophy. In these fields, they set standards for later Western civilization. Because they placed high value on individual excellence, Athenian cultural heritage continue to awe and inspire modern men. Athenian poets and playwrights wrote enduring masterpieces. Poetry played an important part in expressing the Athenian view of life. Their poems vividly showed people striving to live up to standards of courage and honor. Poems were also written to honor victors in athletic games and heroes killed in battle, which of course encouraged the Athenians to refine further their talents and win victories for Athens. Plays were popular entertainment for all Athenians.   The Athenian ruler Pisistratus sponsored the first drama festivals in 534 B.C Because. Greece had a mild climate, the dramas were performed outdoors, in a large theater built into the side of a hill. The theater held as many as 20,000 people. Opening day was a public holiday. The poor were given money to buy seats, and prisoners were even released from jail to watch the performances. Many people brought food, for performances often lasted from sunrise to sunset.[13] As in some modern theaters, audiences in ancient Athens sat in half-circle around a circular area where the actors, dancers, and musicians performed. Athenian playwrights also wrote comedies that made fun of Athenian politicians, generals, philosophers and other playwrights. Also Athenian artists and architects created simple and beautiful styles that continue to serve as models. The style of Greek architectural style had been used in thousands of public buildings in the United States and Europe. Practice of Religion Athenians were firm believers of gods and goddesses which they honored in shared community rituals and festivals. Processions, music, animal sacrifice and communal dining were participated by all Athenians. Athenian arts not only express the Athenian love for what is beautiful but also to honor their gods by building shrines and temples for them around Athens. [14]An example is the pillared temples on the Acropolis, a hill in the center of Athens. The largest is the Parthenon, the temple of Athena, the patron goddess of Athens. The Parthenon seems to have grown out of the rocky hillside in the center of the city. It is simple, but perfectly proportioned, built of white marbles. It originally held a 40-foot-tall ivory and gold statue of Athena. Athenians also made statues of their gods and goddesses. These gods and goddesses were pictured in the form of beautiful human beings, for that was the way the Greeks imagined them Conclusion Athenian life revolved around the city-state (polis) of Athens. Its small size and democratic form of government had enabled the citizens to actively participate in all of its affairs and to ensure its stability.   They collectively participated in the management of the state with all male being given the opportunity to lead their communities. Their rich culture boasts of famous philosophers, beautifully designed shrines and temples and religious fervor with gods and goddesses that are as famous as Athens itself. It is clear to see that with the time and devotion that they had given to their political and cultural life within the walls of Athens, the city was an important part of their lives. Bibliography Athenian Life. Brooklyn College Classic Homepage 2008 .Retrieved February 1, 2008 from   http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/index.htm Lang, Mabel L. The Athenian Citizen. Princeton, New Jersey: American School of Classical Studies at Athens,1960. Parker, Robert. Athenian Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1988. Stockton, David. The Classical Athenian Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. [1] Marvin Perry, History of the World, New York: Houghton-Mifflin, p. 69 [2] David Stockton The Classical Athenian Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 [3]   Marvin Perry, A History of the World ( New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1988), 71-80. [4] David Stockton, The Classical Athenian Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 57 [4]   Perry, 73. [6] Mabel Lang, The Athenian Citizen (New Jersey: American Classical Studies at Athens), 3-4. [7] Athenian Life, available from Brooklyn College Classic Homepage, 2008 from   http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/index.htm [8] Mabel Lang, The Athenian Citizen (New Jersey: American Classical Studies at Athens), 10. [9] Athenian Life, available from Brooklyn College Classic Homepage, 2008 from   http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/index.htm [10] Marvin Perry, A History of the World ( New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1988), 75. [11]  Ã‚   Athenian Life, available from Brooklyn College Classic Homepage, 2008 from   http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/index.htm [12]   Mabel Lang, The Athenian Citizen (New Jersey: American Classical Studies at Athens), 67. [13] Marvin Perry, A History of the World ( New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1988), 82-86. [14] Robert Parker , Athenian Religion ( Oxford: Clarendon Press ), 67-80.

Lake Ellie chemistry analysis Essay Example

Lake Ellie chemistry analysis Essay Example Lake Ellie chemistry analysis Essay Lake Ellie chemistry analysis Essay Ammonium content in Lake Ellie Lake Ellie ammonium content has remained constant and low since 1976 to 2013, despite slight changes of ammonium deposits in Lake Ellie the ammonium content remains at no threat levels for the water organisms and its ecosystem. An increase in ammonium content should be kept in check to avoid eutrophication which could lead to the overgrowth of plants reducing the amount of light in the water hence affecting its ecosystem and the well-being of the plants and animals living in the lake. Carbon dissolved inorganic Dissolved inorganic carbon levels have been high in Lake Ellie which has significantly affected the plants composition by altering the water pH in the lake. In 2013, the amount of dissolved carbon in Lake Ellie stood at an average of 20. This content explains the high amount of growth of phytoplankton species in the lake. The high inorganic carbon is necessary to provide a buffer in the water ecosystem, in particular against acidic pollutants. Dissolved organic carbon Compared to dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved inorganic carbon have been at a record low since 1976 and even recorded a lower concentration in Lake Ellie in 2013. The lake has been able to maintain an average content of 1.7 dissolved organic carbon over the years. Chlorophyll ;A Chlorophyll- A concentration levels have remained low and constant due to the presence of few plankton algae which is the primary cause of high chlorophyll content in lakes. Low ammonia concentration reduces eutrophication and growth of plankton algae hence reducing the amount of chlorophyll in Lake Ellie. There is an exception in 1997 July which recorded a high Chlorophyll-A concentration. Nitrates, silicates and phosphorous water content Lakes in Ontario has a low nitrates content which affects the overall quality of the lakes water in Ontario. The low nitrates dissolved in these lakes ensures that there is a good balance between the plants and the animals in the lakes. Dissolved silicates content is also low at an average rate of 0.8 which is good for a water ecosystem. On the other hand, phosphates concentrations in Ontario lakes have remained low which has been significant in reducing the overgrowth of plants in the lakes hence fostering a balance in the ecosystem. Conclusion The analysis has established that the water in Ontario lakes to be of good quality and standard due to a right balance of the minerals that can affect the plants and animals in the lakes. The different elements have remained constant over the years which indicate low pollution levels in the lakes.

Child labour and possible prevention Essays

Child labour and possible prevention Essays Child labour and possible prevention Essay Child labour and possible prevention Essay The intent of this essay is to discourse child labors and possible bar. Child labor is when a kid under the legal age ( 15 ) are made to make work that is physically and mentally harmful and which interrupts their instruction or societal development.1 Child labor is a serious job in many states. Africa and Asia has the most child employment with both doing up 90 % of entire child employment. They are everyplace but unseeable, laboring as domestic retainers in places, laboring behind the walls of workshops, hidden from position in plantations. The International Labour Organization ( ILO ) estimates that there are more than 200 million kids today which are involved in child labor. Some of these kids are every bit immature as 5. Child laborers are involved in all type of occupations agribusiness, the sex industry, rug and fabric industry, brick devising, building work, quarrying and harlotry. The kids that are working in a unsafe or risky environment normally do nt have on any type of protective vesture or equipment this exposes them to toxic exhausts and unsafe chemicals. Child labor should be prevented as it is taking away the kids s childhood, instruction and it is harmful to their wellness. There are many grounds why a kid is working as a laborer. Most work because of poorness, deficiency of instruction and besides to back up themselves and their households. 1 in 7 kids worldwide are working as a kid laborer. In Africa, it is 1 in 3 kids. 166 million of the kids are under the age of 14. 74 million are put on the lining their lives because they are working in a unsafe environment such as excavation and building there are no safety criterions, no 1 has protective equipment, they are all working with au naturel custodies and pess and merely gaining less than US $ 1.00 a twenty-four hours. 2 Child laborers that are working in lucifer mills will endure from phossy jaw. Phossy jaw is caused by accidently consuming chemicals to do lucifers. Sometimes the chemicals used to do the lucifers causes the gums and jaw to go so septic that the jaw castanetss have to be removed. 3 Child laborers work about every individual twenty-four hours. They work for up to 16 hours a twenty-four hours for 6 yearss a hebdomad. This leaves them to hold no clip for an instruction which is of import for a kid s hereafter. Parents are sometimes responsible for child labor. They force their childs to travel to work instead than acquiring an instruction. This happens because there are many people who are graduated but still are non able to acquire a occupation. Young male childs are put into work such every bit agricultural every bit shortly as they are old plenty to make the work. This is from the age every bit immature as 5. Young misss besides have to work at a immature age but the plants they do are non every bit heavy as the male childs. Young misss do family and domestic work. These kids have to maintain working and are merely exhausted at the terminal of the twenty-four hours which leaves them with no drama clip with other childs at all. The kids who are traveling to work every twenty-four hours do nt acquire to pass much clip with their ain household. They do nt even acquire clip to play with other kids in the same age. The merely other kids they are with are the 1s that they are working with. The kids who are enduring from physical and mental occupation emphasis will confront several wellness jobs in their childhood and subsequently in their life. Child labor is a must for many states in Africa and Asia, without child labor, it would be even more hard to last. But, attempts should besides be made to extinguish it. The attempt made should be done in a proper mode which will non decline the job for those who are already affected. For the unemployed, plans should be introduced which provide an equal wage. For the hapless and the orphan Centres, instruction should be provided for free. Attempts should besides be made to alter the manner parents view child labor. Many hapless parents consider child labor as a good though they do non gain how it endangers their kids s wellness and development. Parents should be made to recognize that it is in their best involvement to non allow their kid work at a really immature age as this will impact their wellness, development and ego regard. In general, poorness is the job that is doing child labor, extinguishing poorness would work out most of the jobs in Africa and Asia. The universe would be a better topographic point for everyone particularly the kids that are working as a kid labor. Without child labor, the kids would be basking their childhood with friends alternatively of working every twenty-four hours. There are several other stairss that could be taken to forestall child labor. many kids left their places in a manner to avoid the maltreatment that they are victims of from their parents. To forestall this bad intervention, the authorities could assist give conferences to the parents about kid labour and the effects that it brings. In this manner, we can assist forestall other kids running off from place and life as stateless kids. Another option could be to construct places for those kids that are populating in the streets. They will be sent to these places and they would non hold to populate exterior. In this manner we can assist forestall kids from any maltreatment that they can endure in the streets. In these places, kids are non supposed to work ; they can analyze and larn a calling, and they will acquire a better occupation and a hereafter. Child labour is a really serious job. Politicians should do Torahs to forestall child labour and happen solutions. Childs are our hereafter and we have to take attention of them if we want a better hereafter. Bibliography 1 Child Labour Definition. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved September 26, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.redgoldfish.co.uk/viewglossary.asp? gid=45 2 YouTube Child Labour. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved September 26, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=ruh0O_mj1v0 3 Child Labour and Disease V A ; A Museum of Childhood. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved September 26, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vam.ac.uk/moc/childrens_lives/health_ A ; _work/health/index.html Child labour Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved September 27, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour

How to Avoid Freshman 15 in a Healthy Way

How to Avoid Freshman 15 in a Healthy Way It’s known as the freshmen 15, 20, 25, or even 35. Young folks walk into college and gain weight because of the dramatic changes to their internal schedules, as well as diet and exercise regimen. In this article we’ll look at 10 ways to stay trim as a college newbie. They’ll help you minimize the excess weight gain that many experience. Staying in great shape throughout your freshmen year doesn’t have to be a hassle! 1. You’re Probably Paying for the Gym – Use It! For most colleges, a part of your tuition money goes to paying for things like fitness centers and the on-campus gym. As a student you should be able to go workout whenever you want, and you should. Instead of vegging in your dorm room you can go get in shape, stay fit and mingle with others who have the same mindset. 2. Stay Away from Handouts From welcome baskets and bags to free candy, soda and tons of movie nights with endless amount of butter dripping microwave popcorn. Stay away from the cheap and easy food that gets handed out to freshmen. They’re just trying to welcome new students, make them feel at home and show them quality attention. This stuff adds up, especially drinks that are something other than water. 3. Structure Be Mindful The main reason freshmen gain weight is because they have no idea how to structure their eating regimen. They tend to max out their on-campus dining cards way too soon. They tend to buy way too much â€Å"dorm room goodies.† The cafeteria food is always right there, or they eat way too much than they normally would because they face a buffet four time a day. Take some time to plan out your eating schedule to avoid weight loss and you’re sure to do far better than everyone who isn’t. 4. Healthy Snack Grazing Invest in tons of healthier snacks from the student store or your college’s version of eat street. These days it shouldn’t be hard to get some healthy options that are both nutritious and lower in the fattening department. Focus on 3 square meals a day with three low calories snacks mixed in so that you’re never starving and tempted to gorge. This student grocery list will help you organize a healthy diet plan. 5. Avoid Pizza Late Snack Food For two hours on most nights there’s always somewhere on-campus to go get some. Avoid pizza and high energy foods later at night. If you’re trying to give yourself energy for studying, then choose some fresh fruit! Remember, what you don’t burn you gain and for some reason freshmen tend to do more snacking. The juniors and seniors have learned to steer clear. 6. Eat Your Breakfast! Do NOT skip breakfast. You’re body needs to break the fast from the night before and the sooner you can get your metabolism moving the more calories you’ll burn throughout the day. Furthermore, eating a balanced breakfast means you’ll be more alert and aware during the earlier and later afternoon classes. 7. Get Involved in Sports If you avoided sports in high school, then now’s the time. It doesn’t have to mean playing for any official school teams either. There are lots of sports activities coordinated through clubs, student groups and organizations throughout the year. Don’t forget about them! They’re a great way to stay fit and make lots of friends you wouldn’t otherwise met. 8. Alcohol Adds Up! Let’s be honest, a good amount of freshmen once set free from home, tend to drink too much. Or they drink just a little bit far too often and it all adds up quickly. One night of drinking can calorically undue all the hard work throughout the week. Remember, 3500 calories are equal to roughly one pound of body fat. That’s roughly 23 beers. How many beers to freshmen guzzle throughout their first year? How many pounds is that for you? Stay away from as much alcohol as possible freshmen year. Instead focus on making real friends, getting fabulous grades and making the most of your time. 9. Make Sure to Sleep Sleeping patterns are absolutely critical to just about everything when it comes to human physiology. From your memory and ability to study, to your ability to build muscle and stay lean. Shoot for at least a minimum of 6 quality hours a night, but 8 would be ideal. That can be hard, but just do the best you can. 10. Take Exercises Classes Every Quarter Every single quarter there are tons of different exercise-based classes. This could be actually workout classes, sports classes, nutrition etc. They’re great for extra and easy credits! If you can, fit one in each quarter during your freshmen year. It’s going to lay a solid foundation for the rest of your undergraduate adventure. There are many other ways to stay fit. Do you know any of them?

Ethical Decision Making and Leadership as Portrayed in the End of the Essay

Ethical Decision Making and Leadership as Portrayed in the End of the Line Film - Essay Example This study looks into the film â€Å"End of the Line, a documentary film directed by Rupert Murray that focuses on the implications of overfishing across the world. The film is portraying how fishing in modern times is leading to ocean ecosystems destruction. The film shows that the current consumption of fish in the world is very high thereby resulting to overfishing. It shows the fishing communities in the Mediterranean who are long- established being endangered. There is also evidence that the young fishermen in Senegal can no longer compete with the international fleets whose technology is more advanced, hence depriving them the ability to feed their families. Additionally, it reveals that Newfoundland is almost running out of cod despite its fish- rich waters attracting legions of migrants in the past. Apart from these parts of the globe, the film also reveals how overfishing has caused local disparities and corporate iniquities in China, Japan, Malta, and Gibraltar. The film n ot only examines the likely adverse consequences of overfishing to the climate, marine life, and human livelihoods, but also provides potential remedies to these consequences such as reducing the number of fishing fleets. According to Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], the fishing industry is a significant contributor to the world economy, particularly with regard to human food consumption and provision of input factors in some industrial processes. Besides, the industry is a source of livelihood to over 600 million people across the world. Sutherland and Canwell (2011, p. 28) note, fishing industry has three major sectors. The first one is the commercial sector that involves individuals and enterprises that are associated with aquaculture resources and transformations of these resources into sale products. The second sector is recreational sector that is made up of individuals and enterprises that use fishing for purposes of sport or recreation. The third sector is the tradit ional sector that comprises individuals and enterprises that use or derive fisheries resources in accordance with their respective traditions (McGowan, 2003, p. 35). Unfortunately, as it can be seen from the movie, overfishing threatens all these sectors of fishing industry. Ethical Issues in Fishing Industry Fishing industry and the policies that govern it has a wide impact to the living conditions of significant number of people in the world. Fishing is a very crucial source of employment, social and economic benefits, food, and foundation of traditions and cultures (Barnett, 2006, p. 116). Despite the realization that fisheries resources can be depleted, these resources were treated as though they are inexhaustible. However, the recent increase in demand of fish and fish products across the world has brought to light the need to consider how fisheries resources are treated (Vasil'ev, 2011, p. 30). Most expert opinions and researches have indicated that fisheries resources cannot be sustainable in the long run (Kaiser & Forsberg, 2001, p. 191). Out of these facts, ethical issues in fisheries have arisen and they relate to ecosystem and human wellbeing. Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] (2005) has discussed the right to food, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, poverty as the main ethical issues facing fishing industry. i) Right to Food The first ethical issue in fisheries as noted by FAO is the right to food. FAO observes that fish is a major source of both nutrition and livelihood to millions of poorest people in the world (FAO, 2005, p. 9). Responding to wide spread and persistent hunger, the 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action reiterated the right of every person to sufficient food and the basic right to be free from hunger as stipulated in the

The great Chicago fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The great Chicago fire - Research Paper Example Will Chicago be able to return her royal title of the â€Å"Queen of the West†? The Great Chicago Fire "It was like a snowstorm only the flakes were red instead of white." Bessie Bradwell Helmer 1. Chicago started as a small settlement and grew to a very populated city during XIX. The population of Chicago had burst from approximately 4,000 souls when it received its first city charter in 1837, to 30,000 in 1850 and to an amazing 330,000 at 1871. It had passed  Saint Louis  as the fourth-biggest city in America and became a key player on the international scene. Modern for those days highly-branched railroad was a very important element of Chicago city. No American city was linked to the romance of the railroad the way Chicago was. It resembled imperial European centers – Paris, for instance – where the stations, like the points of a gigantic compass, beckoned in all directions†¦ It was the railroad that made Chicago the capital of America’s heart land, its attainable metropolis, its possible dream. (Lowe, 2010, p.51). 2. This fast increase city growth, though, happened with little planning. Several brick-and-mortar constructions were already built, but thousands of buildings were factually â€Å"thrown up† to house the enormous flood of European immigrants. There, next to rich houses was built squatter settlement where buildings often were put up very close to each other, back-to-back. The growth of the city was so speedy and similar to the fast growing bones of a teenager, which often might be subject to easy breaking. The expansion of Chicago was far from being ideal and faultless. There were class conflicts, business upheavals and urban rivalry which became common in American cities. 3. On Sunday October 8th 1871 around 9 o’clock in the evening in the small barn owned by Patrick and  Catherine O'Leary, that was on 137  DeKoven Street, the fire started. Nobody knew for certain what caused it. The investig ation by the Board of Police and Fire Commissioners has never before been fully researched and reported by the fire historians. The Board’s final report published in Chicago newspapers on December 12, 1871, indicated that the commissioners were unable to determine the fire cause.† (Bales and Schwartz, 2005, p.4) 4. There were number of equally possible stories, from the owner’s cow kicking over the lantern to meteor shower which possibly caused 3 other fires in the same area simultaneously. 5. According to Owens (2007), â€Å"The Chicago fire started in the O’Leary barn but the O’Leary Home survived.† (p.8) 6. However, many historians nowadays believe that the true culprit of the fire was Daniel Sullivan, the one who told O’Learys about the fire. They accepted as truth his story that he got inside the barn to steal their cows’ milk. Prior to his death, Daniel Sullivan admitted that he was accountable. There are some indications confirming it is true, yet it is not certain. A.T. Andreas, nineteenth-century historian wrote: "Nature had withheld her accustomed measure of prevention, and man had added to the peril by recklessness." The fire spread very fast due to the draught for fourteen weeks, multiplicity of wooden houses, jacked-up plank streets and sidewalks and powerful southwestern wind. It was similar to hundreds of matchboxes set close

Pros and Cons on Proposals of Canada Electoral Reform Essay

Pros and Cons on Proposals of Canada Electoral Reform - Essay Example iii). Arguments rejecting mixed member proportional system iv). Comparison of proposed mixed member proportional system in Canada and New Zealand v). Conclusion Pros and Cons on Proposals of Canada Electoral Reform Proposals on Canada electoral reform have sought to address concerns on political representation. In the recent past, pundits and politicians have engaged in debates, which have sought to address democratic deficit. Critics have noted voting trends that are alarming. For example, 1997 and 2000 federal elections, it emerged, that the number of citizens who did not vote exceeded the number that voted the winning party (Tanguay 5). This is among the paradigms that the proposals on electoral reforms have sought to address. While observers and Canadian politicians agree that electoral system needs an overhaul they disagree on the approaches that seek to give a solution to the problems. A growing number of Canadians believe that FPTP electoral system is inherently unfair because it fails to reflect the wishes of the voters. In addition, Canada inherited the system from the colonial master. In the system, the colonialist had instituted it in order to serve his own interest at the expense of the colonized. The proponents of electoral reform observe the following in relation to the FPTP electoral system. ... Second, the FPTP system promotes regionalization, which makes the citizens to build various perceptions about some provinces of the country. For instance, West is either Conservatives or Reform and the Ontario is a liberal bastion (Tanguay 4). The divisions that emanate from principle views of the political system should not create regionalization. It is arguable that a given region may vote the winning party or the opposition party. However, not every individual in the region voted for these two positions. In this sense, regionalization deprives the democratic gains. A voter has a choice; however, the choice should not determine the region where the voter should belong. Third argument about the FPTP is system is that it allows the governing party to dominate the political sphere for the four-year period, which creates marginalization in parliament. The citizens and the critics of this system believe that other political representatives should address their concerns in the parliament (Stephenson & Tanguay 8). On the contrary, this seems not to be the case, politicians representing the opposition interest seems to lie in the cold while the mainstream politicians address issues in the parliament. The forth argument against electoral reform is that the politicians constituting the House of Commons does not reflect on the voters choice. Ideally, citizens vote in order to send a representative who can address their concerns. However, lack of representation in the House of Common shows that the voting process wasted a large a big number of votes casted if the constitution of the House of Common does not reflect the voters’

Abortion Should not be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion Should not be legal - Essay Example Abortion is considered to be immoral crime affecting not only the mother but also the family, the community, and most significantly the fetus. To undergo an abortion is not an easy decision that makes rather complicated condition and tied up with severe consequences. The pregnant woman who might soon to become a mother should endure the process of abortion where the fetus is slaughtered within the uterus and extract from the mothers body. The decision making regarding the abortion often turns out to be a regrettable option. The parents may think abortion is the only right thing to do at the time but in a while, they may recognize that they actually needed to keep the child and it is too late. And thereon, it affects individuals, family, and the society who said ‘yes’ to the abortion process to be done. Therefore, by legalizing the act, no one is left with a choice, where anyone who says ‘yes’ to abortion must be liable for punishment. Abortion adversely affe cts the teens and youths by perverting them that there is a crooked way out of the unwanted pregnancy. The awareness should be given to the teens on the effectiveness of abstinence from unwanted sex, by which they do need not worry about the consequences of unwanted pregnancy. ... It simply means that aborting a fetus will not contribute to any role modeling skill to show off to your younger ones. Such decisions made regarding abortion can even tear families apart. It becomes tougher for a female to live in a family that forced her to undergo abortion. The consequences are too hard that even the parents of the girl who had an abortion may ask her to keep away from her younger siblings in order to avoid bad influence. Subsequently, such situations may cause more psychological traumas to the girl. The greatest impact of abortion is on the women who must suffer the most out of the process. Many of the major medical journals published recently shows that abortion contributes to increased suicide, clinical depression, and psychiatric problems in women. A renowned psychotherapist Theresa Burke, PhD, has written in her recently published book Forbidden Grief that in many ways women can be tormented for the abortion undergone for years (Beckman). She had brought forwa rd many personal accounts and events that contribute more than the sufficient evidence to reject the particular political view point that abortion not mattes. She puts in that 65-70 percent of women who undergo abortion hold a negative attitude towards the procedures (Beckman). The effects of the abortion on women start at the very beginning of the abortion process. As Barnes describes, the most conventional method of abortion is the surgical method vacuum aspiration, where the mother suffers form excess bleeding, pelvic infection, abdominal swelling, cervical tears, and in extreme cases death too. Another method used for abortion is taking mifepristone followed by misoprostol which often

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UK CODE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Essay

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UK CODE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE - Essay Example The paper reviews the development of corporate governance and the outcomes of the changes since 1990 to the culmination of a combined code in 2003, and the impact of the recent bank crisis on corporate governance structures (Lee 2006, p.36). The rise of Corporate Governance Since the 1980s, corporate governance issues have continued to attract immense interests. Issues such as corporate fraud, corporate failure, and corporate collapse, excess of executive remuneration, abuse of management power, and corporate social and environmental responsibility gained prominence, and have continued to attract attention in media reports, academic debates, public forums, regulatory agendas, and governmental policy. However, despite the earlier concerns and subsequent regulatory endeavors, corporate governance issues became even more prominent and exposed with the onset of the global financial crisis 2007-10. Subsequently, some academics, policy analysts, and corporate practitioners have associated the severity and increasingly circular nature of the financial and economic crisis to corporate governance failures, whether functional or technical (Sun, Stewart and Pollard 2011, p.16). In the 1980s, broader stakeholder concerns remained eclipsed by the market-driven, growth- oriented outlooks of Reaganite and Thatcher economics. The Director’s responsibility to enhance stakeholder value was reinforced with profit performance models gaining prominence and shaping the foundation for the privatization of state-run entities. The threat of predator takeover bids (for the market control) was touted as a critical incentive for strong board-level performance. In the UK, the Guinness case and consequently, the collapse of Robert Maxwell’s companies brought to the fore the need for checks and balances (especially for boards dominated by powerful executive directors), as well as in cases where the posts of chief executive and chairman of the board were merged, and the outside directors were weak (Boyd 1994, p.335). It was at this time that the concepts of corporate governance became the focus of attention; in fact, the phrase itself was son to emerge. How Corporate Failure Led to Growth of Corporate Governance The UK economy experienced a prolonged period of economic growth from 1981 to 1989; however, in the same period, there were a number of company failures arose with some manifesting spectacular collapses including Asil Nadir’s Polly Peck, Robert Maxwell’s MCC, plus the $8bn failure of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). These collapses shared a number of similarities: a recent clean bill of health from auditors, an ostentatious and powerful leader, an absence of action from non-executive directors and minimal participation with institutional investors (Smerdon 2010, p.5). These collapses stirred public concern, partly because of the massive involvement of numerous of deposit holders in the collapse of BCCI and thousan d of pensioners in the collapse of the Maxwell Empire, and also because of the overriding perception that the UK industry was lagging behind economically compared to other countries with Europe. Hence, it can be argued that the evident failure or lack of accurate reporting in the majority of cases that would have otherwise allowed investors to spotlight the warning signs was the biggest motivation for the drive for corporate governa

Sex Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex Education System - Essay Example Education has always remained the main concern for all the nations of world. States use to organize high level group of professionals to formulate the education policy for the betterment of their future generations, but have not taken enough steps for the sex education system. The introduction of sex education system in schools and colleges are an important subject. Sex and the sex education is still measured as unmentionable even in many developed nations. Parents feel discomfited to converse openly with their kids in this issue. This ignorance they become the victim of different sexually transmitted diseases.The sex education program system was first initiated by American government to the public schools in 1913. Since then, the topic has been a burning debate among many people. The main theme of the sex education in the school level was to beware the children from the sexual abuses and diseases.In this debatable subject, one section of the society believes that these kinds of insu bstantial issues should be left to the parents. While parents feel uncomfortable to talk openly on sex with their children. On the contrary side, the upsetting raise of sex related diseases emphasize that it is vital that sex education should be given more significance in the all educational institutions especially in the schools and colleges. Many believe that sex education only obliterates the morality of people because they consider that sex education educates students only about how sexual intercourse should be done.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UK CODE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Essay

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UK CODE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE - Essay Example The paper reviews the development of corporate governance and the outcomes of the changes since 1990 to the culmination of a combined code in 2003, and the impact of the recent bank crisis on corporate governance structures (Lee 2006, p.36). The rise of Corporate Governance Since the 1980s, corporate governance issues have continued to attract immense interests. Issues such as corporate fraud, corporate failure, and corporate collapse, excess of executive remuneration, abuse of management power, and corporate social and environmental responsibility gained prominence, and have continued to attract attention in media reports, academic debates, public forums, regulatory agendas, and governmental policy. However, despite the earlier concerns and subsequent regulatory endeavors, corporate governance issues became even more prominent and exposed with the onset of the global financial crisis 2007-10. Subsequently, some academics, policy analysts, and corporate practitioners have associated the severity and increasingly circular nature of the financial and economic crisis to corporate governance failures, whether functional or technical (Sun, Stewart and Pollard 2011, p.16). In the 1980s, broader stakeholder concerns remained eclipsed by the market-driven, growth- oriented outlooks of Reaganite and Thatcher economics. The Director’s responsibility to enhance stakeholder value was reinforced with profit performance models gaining prominence and shaping the foundation for the privatization of state-run entities. The threat of predator takeover bids (for the market control) was touted as a critical incentive for strong board-level performance. In the UK, the Guinness case and consequently, the collapse of Robert Maxwell’s companies brought to the fore the need for checks and balances (especially for boards dominated by powerful executive directors), as well as in cases where the posts of chief executive and chairman of the board were merged, and the outside directors were weak (Boyd 1994, p.335). It was at this time that the concepts of corporate governance became the focus of attention; in fact, the phrase itself was son to emerge. How Corporate Failure Led to Growth of Corporate Governance The UK economy experienced a prolonged period of economic growth from 1981 to 1989; however, in the same period, there were a number of company failures arose with some manifesting spectacular collapses including Asil Nadir’s Polly Peck, Robert Maxwell’s MCC, plus the $8bn failure of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). These collapses shared a number of similarities: a recent clean bill of health from auditors, an ostentatious and powerful leader, an absence of action from non-executive directors and minimal participation with institutional investors (Smerdon 2010, p.5). These collapses stirred public concern, partly because of the massive involvement of numerous of deposit holders in the collapse of BCCI and thousan d of pensioners in the collapse of the Maxwell Empire, and also because of the overriding perception that the UK industry was lagging behind economically compared to other countries with Europe. Hence, it can be argued that the evident failure or lack of accurate reporting in the majority of cases that would have otherwise allowed investors to spotlight the warning signs was the biggest motivation for the drive for corporate governa

Steategic management- ADOBE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Steategic management- ADOBE - Research Paper Example The company has a well defined corporate strategic management base employing some of the best skills circling basic the realms of corporate resources. This paper purports to explore the basic concepts that Adobe utilizes through marketing, financial strategies, Research and Development, Human Resource Management, Information Technology and Operation and Logistics, evaluating which of them is most competent to the business and how they are relevant to the future of the business. It also looks into the viable internal factors that management can outsource to other companies, while looking at the future of the business and its ability to remain relevant in a diversifying and competing business environment (Morden, 398). As a research driven company, Adobe researchers strive to remain on their toes in order to remain relevant in the ever changing information technology world. Researchers ensure to create the best innovations for clients. To make this doable, the company employs passionate individuals, who remain committed leaders and trustworthy to the creativity process. The company ensures that the innovators get the support they need and gives them the freedom to roam around their ideas. Additionally, the company holds collaborative projects with other companies as well as universities. The universities’ Information Technology Faculties are important because in order to advance to the future, technological advancement is core especially in the Information Systems and Technology techniques, which is the main focus of Adobe Company. Adobe’s inter-faculty relationship strategies between IT and engineering in collaborating universities make the research and development practice sharp ed ged. Consequently, the company provides some of the best software in the market like Content-Aware Fill in Photoshop CS5. It also invests heavily in employing PhD researchers who provide radical innovations for the company’s

Memories of a Childhoods Slavery Day Essay Example for Free

Memories of a Childhoods Slavery Day Essay In Memories of Childhoods Slavery Days, Annie Burton was born into slavery in 1858 on a plantation outside of Clayton, Alabama and raised by her mistress after her mother ran away. She grew up during the Civil War and remembers her early days on the plantation. After being set free, Burtons mother returned for her children. Annie was hired as a nanny by Mrs. E. M. Williams, who taught her how to read and write. After her mother died, Annie took responsibility for her three younger siblings and moved to Boston in 1879. She later moved to Georgia and then Jacksonville, Florida, where she worked in a restaurant before returning to Boston. In 1888, she married, and ran a boarding house with her husband. She began taking evening classes at the Franklin Evening School, and the headmaster, Frank Guild, suggested that each of the students write their life story. It was this suggestion that gave Burton the push to write her autobiography. Burtons Memories of Childhoods Slavery Days (1909) is divided into four parts. In the first section, called Recollections of a Happy Life, Burton talks about her childhood on the plantation in Alabama and her marriage to Samuel H. Burton. In the second section, Reminiscences, Burton reflects on being set free and the way it changed her life. The third section, Vision gives a detailed account of Burtons religious change. Burton also includes an essays and poems she wrote. â€Å"The memory of my happy, care-free childhood days on the plantation, with my little white and black companions, is often with me. Neither master nor mistress nor neighbors had time to bestow a thought upon us, for the great Civil War was raging. That great event in American history was a matter wholly outside the realm of our childish interests. Of course we heard our elders discuss the various events of the great struggle, but it meant nothing to us. Burton talks about knowing that the Civil War was going on but not being old enough to know or care about it. She also calls it a â€Å"great† event in American history. Though it may not have been to white Southerners, it was day slaves were waiting for. She also states that : â€Å"There are hidden wrongs perpetrated by the whites against the negro race that will never be brought to light until the race owns and controls its own daily newspapers which alone have the power to discover and enthrone truth, thus becoming a safe guide to all honest seekers of facts respecting the race whether from a moral, educational, political or religious field. To carry out the plans suggested, whether viewed from an intellectual, industrial, commercial, or editorial standpoint, the world must acknowledge that to-day the negro race has the men and women, who are true to their race and all that stands for negro progress. †

The Importance of Weather in Kate Chopins The Storm :: Chopin Storm Essays

The Importance of Weather in The Storm      The Storm, by Kate Chapin, is a short story about two people that have and affair during a storm.   Basically, it’s like this.   The story involves two families, that of Bobinot, Calixta, and Bibi, and Alcee, Clarisse, and their babies.   Calixta is at her house separated from her family due to the storm.   Alcee is separated from his family because they are visiting another town.   The storm brings Calixta and Alcee together and they have an affair.   It s set in a small town in the late 1800s.   A storm can mean many things, both good and bad, and it is important to the story both symbolically and directly.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The storm acts as a catalyst in the story as it causes the events to unfold as they do.   The first real direct effect the storm has in the story is that it is what causes Bobinot and Bibi to stay at the local store to take shelter.   This of course leaves Calixta home alone.   Alcee, we are lead to believe, was out riding his horse somewhere near Calixta s house when the storm started.   This causes him to take shelter there.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Before Calixta got married five years earlier, the two had romantic feelings toward each other.   They rarely saw each other after that, and this what the first time since then that they had been alone together.   Because of the awkward feelings he had, Alcee   expressed an intention to remain outside (666).   This is where the storm, because it is a rather big storm, forces him to go inside.   Once inside it seems harmless conversation would be all that took place.   But alas, the storm once again comes into play.   While Calixta, worried about her family, it looking out the window the storm sends down a huge lightning bolt into a tree nearby.   This causes her to jump and for Alcee to instinctively grab her in his arms.   The storm now comes into play one last time.   As Calixta is nervously pacing around the house (because of the storm), Alcee grabs her shoulders in an attempt to calm her down.   At this point their old feelings become too overwh elming resulting in an affair.   When the storm ends, it symbolizes the end of the affair.   We are never told what Chapin meant by the title   The Storm.

The Roots of Our Digital World Essay -- Technology Essays

The Roots of Our Digital World Today's world revolves around the storing, organization, and communication of information. While the world today may seem new and unique, this digital world arose out of a combination of many smaller steps that varied from innovations like a new discovery in science or a new philosophical outlook. In their writings Lev Manovich, a professor of New Media at San Diego University, and Dr. Simon Cook, an Economics professor at Duke University, have developed of a history of what lead to the development of the visual world. Manovich claims that the digital revolution came in a three-step process. The first took place in the time period between 1870 and 1920. Manovich believes that during this time period, called the late Victorian, a change occurred in the cultural attitude toward vision. This change was seen in the development of various forms of visual reasoning by scholars like Galton, Venn, and Einstein. The next step occurred after World War II. The world had seen large advances in t echnology and industry. Because of this change, the worker began to do less physical labor and a shift in focus from developing physical efficiency to mental efficiency occurred. The last step has occurred in the modern times. Here the shift focused on the development and dominance of the computer (Cook 2). Cook agrees with Manovich's three- step theory, but feels that Manovich has left out a few important aspects of this visual history. The basic structure of Manovich's claim seems correct, but aspects of the development of late-Victorian visual representations were neglected or incorrectly viewed as unimportant. Cook believes that the more emphasis should be placed on the influence of mathematics in Galton and ... ... Reasoning and a Modern History of Vision. Online Text. http://www.duke.edu/~sjc68/academic/montreal.doc. 8 March 2002. Dodgson, Charles (aka. Lewis Carroll), The Game of Logic. Online Text. 1886. http://www.lib.duke.edu/pdf/ll1513.pdf. 8 March 2002. Ferrell. Keith "Graphical user interface." World Book Online Americas Edition. http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wbol/wbPage/na/ar/co/722716. 8 March 2002. -- "Internet." World Book Online Americas Edition. http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wbol/wbPage/na/ar/co/279620. 8 March 2002. Perini, Lynda. "Fax machine." World Book Online Americas Edition. http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wbol/wbPage/na/ar/co/192830. 8 March 2002. Venn, John, On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings, 1880. Online Text. http://www.lib.duke.edu/pdf/ll1512.pdf. 8 March 2002.

Outline and Evaluate the Strange Situations Essay

During the 1970’s, psychologist Mary Ainsworth further expanded upon Bowlby’s groundbreaking work in her now-famous â€Å"Strange Situation† study. The study involved observing children between the ages of 12 to 18 months responding to a situation in which they were briefly left alone and then reunited with their mother (Ainsworth, 1978). Based on these observations, Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment. Researchers Main and Solomon (1986) added a fourth attachment style known as disorganized-insecure attachment. Numerous studies have supported Ainsworth’s conclusions and additional research has revealed that these early attachment styles can help predict behaviours later in life. Ainsworth and Wittig devised the strange situation to be able to test the nature of attachment systematically. The aim was to see how infants that were aged between 9 and 18 months behave under conditions of mild stress and also novelty. See more: essay apa format Stress is created in the strange situations by the presence of a stranger and by separation from a caregiver. This tests stranger anxiety and separation anxiety respectively. The strange situation also aims to encourage exploration by placing infants in a novel situation and thus tests the secure base concept. The research room is a novel environment, a 9 x 9 foot square marked off into 16 squares to help in recording the infant’s movements. The procedure consists of eight episodes, each designed to highlight certain behaviours. In the strange situation data is collected by a group of observers who record what the infant is doing every 15 seconds. The observer notes down which of the following behaviours is displaced and also scores the behaviour for intensity on a scale of 1 to 7. Ainsworth et al combined the data from several studies, to make a total of 106 middle – class infants observed in the strange situation. They found similarities and differences in the way that infants behaved. In terms of similarity it was noted that exploratory behaviours declined in all infants from episode 2 onwards, whereas the amount of crying increased. Proximity- seeking and contact maintaining behaviours intensified during separation and when the stranger appeared. Contact – resisting and proximity – avoiding behaviours occurred rarely towards the caregiver prior to separation. In terms of differences, they found three main types of children , originally called A, B and C to avoid any descriptive labels. The characteristic of the main attachments types , with respect to the strange situation are secure attachment, insecure – avoidant, insecure – resistant and the fourth attachment type proposed by Main and Solomon (1986) is called the insecure – disorganised. A criticism of this study is that there were demand characteristics present, this is when participants try to make sense of the research situation that they are in and therefore adjust their behaviour according to it. The demand characteristics present in the strange situation are that mothers would change their behaviour in order to appear as a good mother in front of the experimenter. This is a problem because it means that the results obtained aren’t based on natural behaviour by the participants thus affecting the conclusions gathered from the study. Another criticism of this study is that this was a lab experiment which means that the study has low ecological validity. This is because control can be exerted onto the participants by the experimenter resulting in the study lacking mundane realism. This is a problem because it means that the results cannot be generalised across other people. However there is also an advantage of a lab experiment which is that the experiment would be conducted under controlled conditions thus making the experiment more rigorous and reliable as external factors can be controlled. Since this study only used middle- class north Americans, this becomes a big disadvantage of this study. This is because it decreases the population validity which is the extent to which the results from this research can be generalized across other groups of people in society. This is a problem because it means that these results cannot be used against other people who are not middle-class north Americans thus decreasing the validity of these results. An advantage of this study is that it is very influential as it enables us to assess whether or not children are securely attached and how this attachment type relates to later behaviour. For example if a child is insecurely attached at childhood then later on at adulthood the child could have problem attaching to someone else eg. husband/child. This is a benefit as it enables us to determine which behaviour caused by parents at a child’s early age causes a child to become securely and insecurely attached thus preventing any dysfunctional behaviour in adulthood. A criticism of this study is that the child’s behaviour has to be observed by someone in order to decide what the child is doing. This decreases the reliability which is whether the results measured are consistent because there could be a difference of opinion. For example one person could say that the child is seeking and rejecting however another person may say that the child is only seeking. This is a problem as people can have different judgements therefore this study has low reliability as who can say which opinion is correct and which isn’t. It is too reliant for individual judgement.

Choosing a Course

Choosing a college major for some is easy; some people know exactly what they want to be when they grow up. For others, choosing a college major is probably one of the hardest decisions they will make in their life. It doesn’t help that there are now a lot of college courses and college programs among which you have to choose. There was once a time when choices were simple: good or evil, ketchup or mayonnaise, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts. Nowadays, you have to choose between shades of gray, one gazillion condiments and a plethora of majors.The trick in making a college major choice, they say, is to narrow things down as you go along. This article will help you do that. The following are some of the things you must consider when choosing a college course. Choosing your college major consideration # 1: Your Interest The most basic consideration in the choice of a college major or college course is, of course, what you want. Is there something that you’ve alway s wanted to get into, something that resonates within the very fiber of your being? If so, that may be where you’re meant to go. In the event that you don’t know or don’t feel that siren song, fret not.You can always go for career assessment care of your local guidance office. That would certainly make choosing a college course more systematic and easier. Choosing your college major consideration #2: Your Aptitude Choosing a college major also entails an assessment of your skills and talents. You may know what you want, but do you know what you’re good at? Interest and aptitude are two different things. Ideally, you should pursue a college course or choose a college major that allows you to explore both. In this less than perfect world, however, this is usually not possible for some people.In that case, you’d have to weigh your priorities: pick a college major you will be good at or pick a college course that is in line with your interest? Better y et, find a college course that you will be good at and has the potential of arousing your interest. Choosing your college major consideration #3: Your Values Every career comes with non-quantifiable stuff: fulfillment, meaning and purpose, pure altruism, you name it. They help determine what you’d like to get out of a career (and a college major) besides material compensation. Choosing your college major consideration #4: Money MattersMoney matters, in more ways than one. Money matters because it will dictate what course you can or cannot afford. Money matters should therefore be part of your college major choice. If it’s one thing you must always factor in, it’s reality. This can be broken down into a number of sub-considerations. How much money does the course require you to invest? How much money do you actually have on hand to invest? How much money will you (approximately) make if you take up a career in line with that college major? How much money would yo u like to earn after college?Choosing your college major consideration #5: Time and Practical Considerations You should also be aware of what you’re getting into when choosing a college major. What will your college course require you to do? Are you willing to do it? As a case in point, if you’re squeamish about the sight of blood, why should you decide to go for a Nursing Degree? How much time are you willing to invest in your college course and major? If you want school to be over and done with as soon as possible, then you should probably not choose a college course that won’t be useful without further study.Choosing your college major consideration #6: Your Commitment Choosing a college course requires you to look inwards and assess your commitment to your chosen path. Assuming that you have the issue of money and other practical considerations settled, do you actually possess the skills and the patience to go the distance? Moreover, do you actually want to do so? There’s also a chance that your parents may be expecting you to tread a certain academic path; will you have the strength and the will to stick it out against all odds? Choosing your college major consideration #7: The TimesNope, you don’t have to read the Times to know what college course to pick (Yup, that’s a lousy joke). Kidding aside, don’t ever forget to consider the times in your decision-making process. Case in point: the global economy was in a bit of a slump at the time I wrote this article. There are instances when certain courses may appear to be more profitable or more popular than others due to current circumstances. Choosing your college major consideration #8: Other People’s Feedback Besides guidance counselors, family and friends, you may also want to ask other people for their opinions regarding the matter.College alumni and alumnae always make for interesting interviews-been there, done that. Professors and classmates will also have a lot of significant input to offer. Choosing your college major consideration #9: Your Choices Also, do remember that there are some benefits to doing things by the book-or more specifically, the college’s catalogue of courses. Take a peek and note the unit and credit requirements for each course, along with whatever minors and electives you can take as part of the package deal.Choosing your college major consideration #10: Spiritual Considerations Finally, know this: you’ll most likely change courses-even careers! -as you go along, so don’t be overly fixated on any one course. No one course is the end all and be all. There are numerous examples of people out there who majored in one thing and built a career or three out of another. If you’re a believer, though, I strongly recommend that you pray about it ask God what He wants you to take. After all, only He knows what path you will ultimately tread.

Analysis of a news story Essay

The article that I am analysing shows how a newspaper presents a story. The article I am studying is about ‘The War on Terror’ the article, being about a man named Kerim Chatty, whom was caught, whilst under a routine security check, with a gun in his wash bag was published in The Sun paper. Kerim Chatty is believed to have been planning on hi-jacking the flight air-born from Sweden to England, Stanstead. The Sun paper is a tabloid, which is more suited to people who enjoy reading ‘dramatic’ and ‘over-exaggerated stories. ‘ The Sun is aimed at people who prefer ‘easier reading. ‘ By this I mean that the papers stories are short, too the point and simple. The newspaper has sensational stories, which attract readers between the age group of 16-30. The tabloid uses interesting pictures and eye catching headlines. Also by using emotive language, it grabs the readers’ attention. The headline consists of the title ‘War on Terror,’ as the reader I was attracted to this article immediately as I wanted to see what it is about. The sub-heading reads, ‘Face of Jet Hi-jack Thug’ this is where the story begins. A good publisher knows that you should never tell your audience what the piece of writing is about, in the headings because if you do then they may not want to continue reading your story. The first sub-heading is used to briefly tell the reader of what is going on. The following sub-heading leads you onto more information, but still doesn’t give the story up. ‘Violent Crook Obsessed by Weapons. ‘ By using emotive language such as; crook, obsessed and thug, the readers build a self image of Kerim Chatty as being even more of a criminal and horrid man, this is what the tabloid paper wants you to do. The first section of the article is based on the hi-jacker and what he had done and in the main picture it shows the scene of the crime. The picture has a lot going on it; you can see the hi-jacker with his weapon, walking towards the armed police who appear ready for any sudden action from the hi-jacker. Also in the background of the picture you can see the hi-jacked plane, from a leading company Ryannair. There is a smaller caption below with a clear face of Chatty; this is put there so the readers can see who the hi-jacker is. Analysing the Picture If I saw the picture of the man without knowing he had committed an offence, I wouldn’t look at him as though he was a ‘thug’ or ‘crook’ instead Id see him as being a perfectly normal guy, who could of maybe been in the paper having been involved in a racist attack.. Below the picture of Chatty is a caption stating: ‘Gangster†¦. Kerim Chatty’ Once you see this you start to imagine an evil side to him and then turn against him. Emotive Language & Formal Language The paper immediately wants the reader to turn against Kerim, even before they manage to read the whole article, so emotive language is used to slip in words such as Crook, Thug, Violent, Obsessed and Gangster to enhance the stories features. The Sun uses informal language such as; Cops and Common Nuts! The more informal the English is the easier the article is to read and understand. ‘Simple Reading’ is what I believe The Sun is known well for. Summary: The presentation of the story is smart and The Sun did very well to express and explain the story. It has done well on telling the story, using typical tabloid tools. I don’t think Kerim Chatty, would really appreciate how The Sun have spoke about him and no doubt some of it may not be true. The Sun is a good tabloid newspaper but the stories are exaggerated in a big way, although the exaggeration does bring excitement to the story, Kerim probably wouldn’t enjoy reading it.

Transportation Security Administration Research Paper

Transportation Security Administration - Research Paper Example The agency’s duties and responsibilities have necessitated the need to bring together various employees prior to the specific activity integral to all the activities that the agency undertakes. These are: Transportation Security Officers and Inspectors, National Explosives Detection Canine teams, Federal Air Marshals and VIPR teams (Balog, 2007). Airport inspector turnover is a persistent problem that the TSA has had to deal with. Year in year out, inspector turnover has affected performance and discharge of security measures in many airports of the US. There has been an observed persistent pattern of screeners’ turnover, resulting in delayed screening procedures in many US airports. This problem alongside that of selecting and training TSA inspectors can be addressed from the point of view of a criminal justice administrator. In addressing this issue in this perspective, TSA airport inspector turnover can be reduced in a number of ways, among them: Tracing the root cau se of the problem Managing the turnover experienced in the TSA is a positive move by the management in the recent past. However, in addressing this problem, it is fundamental to trace the path from which this problem emerged. The system outlays a clear form of activity coordination between and among all the departments under the TSA. Inspector turnover is not just an issue that emerged out of the blues. The activities, duty and responsibility discharge by these inspectors must have been challenged at some point, resulting in this problem. It is ascertained that the TSA inspector turnover is the highest compared to other security agencies in the US (Steve, 2010). Once the root cause of the problem has been identified, then other prospects in regard to reducing this turnover can be pursued. Policy formulation and implementation Employment and work policies that are currently in place have not fully met employee welfare. This is evidenced by the consistent efforts to improve salaries a nd work duties of TSA employees, especially the inspectors (Welch, 2010). The turnover has been accelerated by lack of employee-work functionality and operation management systems. These systems should be designed and put in place to oversee employer-employee conduct in the line of duty and responsibility. Putting these systems in place would ensure that instead of inspector turnover being persistent; the arising issues that result in the turnover are addressed, thus reducing turnover numbers through the set system. Policies that are tailored towards aiding this process should be well formulated and implemented for the benefit of all stakeholders in the public transport sector, TSA included. Monitoring of the TSA’s office Many TSA inspectors have termed the TSA office as ineffective and inefficient. They claim that at various instances the office fails to give proper information about specific duties and responsibilities of the inspectors. Once hired, the inspectors have foun d the terms, requirements, duties and responsibilities to not meet their expectations. As a result, many inspectors have quit their jobs. On the same note, terms of employment are not clear, making some employees to go long as part-timers before they are permanently employed. Even on part-time employment basis, shifts of work keep varying, making these part-timers fixed to this job with no opportunity to do

Emerging Viruses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emerging Viruses - Essay Example Obviously, it is adaptation which ensures continuity of its kind. While the constituencies of human living cells have not evolved, men have learned how to boost their immune system. This is to maintain good health, and to avoid the dangers of pathogens, without necessarily altering normal physiology. Fortunately, increasing the body's resistance to dreadful diseases has become ordinary because of the intensified information technology as well as the new findings and concoctions in the field of pharmacy. Some may have precautionary vaccines to develop antibodies, and others may have resorted to proper medication when ill with identified pathogens (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Unfortunately, these created barriers to the normal multiplication of pathogens, and are the most likely switch factors to the evolution of either the DNA or the RNA, whichever is present in an animal virus that infect cells. Normally, animal viruses complete their customary multiplication cycle in six (6) stages (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Initially, viruses attach on recognized receptors, usually proteins or polysaccharides, on surfaces of their specific living host cells ("Transmission of Influenza A Viruses and People-Information from CDC" 81).

What are the main obstacles to womens leadership and what can be done Essay

What are the main obstacles to womens leadership and what can be done to address them - Essay Example Lets take the example of Fortune 500 companies, most of the people employed at the top positions such as Chairperson, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer are men. However, there were only 6% women employees on these top positions and 15% were also present in the Board of Directors of these companies (Wagadu, 2008). Such disparity in business world is evident in every country especially in the developed nations worldwide. In the European Union, out of fifty nations that are operating as the trading organisations, women were found 11% on senior positions and only 4% as Chief Executive Officers (Women’s Media, 2009). In 1986, two individuals from the Wall Street Journal suggested an anwer for such disparity for top position employees in organisations. They believed that women managed to get to the senior rankings with immense difficulty as there are various blockages in the paths destined for these positions. The exclusive group appeared within their hold, however they just couldn’t smash through the so called ‘glass ceiling’. This situation captured the association of aggravation among women and demonstrated reverberation regarding those high aims which are visible, but someway unachievable (Grogan, 2010). Â   There was a period in which there were many obstacles for women. For instance, in the 80s, it was difficult to assume a woman getting to the senior position. This viewpoint was further embedded by Richard Nixon, the President of USA, which was recorded in the White House and published in the form of Freedom of Information Act. He stated that no woman is suitable for managing the positions in government bodies; the main reason emphasised by him was that women lack consistency and they are highly emotional. Moreover, according to the President, women keep on changing their attitudes towards work and are simply unable to comprehend with responsibility and seriousness towards the job.

The American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

The American Dream - Essay Example Activists like Martin Luther King also called for freedom that was more directed at the black Americans but not the whole America population. The variations listed shows that the dream is somehow different to the people (Kelly 20). Although the American dream is unique and it means different to various individuals, achieving it is completely a hard and demanding task. One of the challenges that make achieving the dream hard is the fact that the opportunities that exist in the country are hidden and they require a combination of knowledge and wisdom to access. Like in an example, there are limited job opportunities that call for high qualifications while majority of the individuals do not meet the requirements (Horswell 43) Again, most of the Americans still have a strong believe that their problems solution lies in the hands of the government and that big businesses will boost their economic growth without personal efforts, thus making it hard to achieve the American dream (Kochan 63). Finally, the American dream tries to inspire hopes and optimism to the American people that are not accompanied by the appropriate resource to achieve. The result of this is that most of the people come up with big dreams forget ting the fact that, to meet these dreams, there are infrastructure needed, resource mobilization and improvement that needs to be put into place. To achieve the improvements, people need to be engaged in well-paying jobs, have quality education and work hard which is not the case in the country (Kelly 21). The small business ventures are the spine of the economy of the U.S because it provides employment for tens of millions of the Americans. The businesses create most of the jobs that people in the U.S are engaged in. It, therefore, gets important for the government to come up with an adequate way of financing and giving credit to the small business to spur manufacturing and the expansion of the businesses (Ringer 80). The nature